How do you handle geospatial queries in MongoDB?

{
  name: "Coffee Shop",
  location: {
    type: "Point",
    coordinates: [-73.97, 40.77]  // [longitude, latitude]
  }
}

// 2dsphere for Earth-like sphere
db.places.createIndex({ location: "2dsphere" });

// 2d for flat surfaces
db.places.createIndex({ location: "2d" });

// Find places near a point
db.places.find({
  location: {
    $near: {
      $geometry: {
        type: "Point",
        coordinates: [-73.97, 40.77]
      },
      $maxDistance: 5000  // 5km in meters
    }
  }
});

// Within a polygon
db.places.find({
  location: {
    $geoWithin: {
      $geometry: {
        type: "Polygon",
        coordinates: [[
          [-73.99, 40.75],
          [-73.95, 40.75],
          [-73.95, 40.79],
          [-73.99, 40.79],
          [-73.99, 40.75]
        ]]
      }
    }
  }
});

// Within a circle (legacy)
db.places.find({
  location: {
    $geoWithin: {
      $centerSphere: [[-73.97, 40.77], 5 / 6378.1]  // 5km radius
    }
  }
});

db.places.aggregate([
  {
    $geoNear: {
      near: { type: "Point", coordinates: [-73.97, 40.77] },
      distanceField: "distance",
      maxDistance: 5000,
      spherical: true
    }
  },
  { $limit: 10 }
]);