How to debug Node.js applications?

node --inspect app.js
# or break on first line
node --inspect-brk app.js

// .vscode/launch.json
{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "type": "node",
      "request": "launch",
      "name": "Launch Program",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/app.js",
      "env": {
        "NODE_ENV": "development"
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "request": "attach",
      "name": "Attach",
      "port": 9229
    }
  ]
}

// Beyond console.log
console.table([{ a: 1, b: 2 }, { a: 3, b: 4 }]);
console.time('operation');
// ... operation
console.timeEnd('operation');

console.trace('Trace:');
console.dir(obj, { depth: null });

// Debug module
const debug = require('debug')('app:server');
debug('Server starting...');
// DEBUG=app:* node app.js

// Async stack traces
node --async-stack-traces app.js

// Or use Error.captureStackTrace
function debugAsync(fn) {
  const stack = {};
  Error.captureStackTrace(stack);

  return async (...args) => {
    try {
      return await fn(...args);
    } catch (err) {
      err.stack += '\nAsync stack:\n' + stack.stack;
      throw err;
    }
  };
}