What are Decorators in TypeScript? | TypeScript Interview Questions

What You'll Learn

What decorators are
Types of decorators
Basic examples

What are Decorators?

Decorators are functions that modify classes, methods, properties, or parameters. Enable with experimentalDecorators in tsconfig.

Class Decorator

code.tsTypeScript

function sealed(constructor: Function) {
  Object.seal(constructor);
  Object.seal(constructor.prototype);
}

@sealed
class Greeter {
  greeting: string;
  constructor(message: string) {
    this.greeting = message;
  }
}

Method Decorator

code.tsTypeScript

function log(
  target: any,
  propertyKey: string,
  descriptor: PropertyDescriptor
) {
  const original = descriptor.value;
  descriptor.value = function (...args: any[]) {
    console.log(`Calling ${propertyKey} with`, args);
    return original.apply(this, args);
  };
}

class Calculator {
  @log
  add(a: number, b: number): number {
    return a + b;
  }
}

Property Decorator

code.tsTypeScript

function readonly(target: any, propertyKey: string) {
  Object.defineProperty(target, propertyKey, {
    writable: false
  });
}

class Person {
  @readonly
  name: string = "John";
}