What are Exclude and Extract utility types?

type AllColors = "red" | "green" | "blue" | "yellow";
type WarmColors = Exclude<AllColors, "blue" | "green">;
// "red" | "yellow"

type Primitive = string | number | boolean | null | undefined;
type NonNullable = Exclude<Primitive, null | undefined>;
// string | number | boolean

type AllTypes = string | number | boolean | (() => void);

type Functions = Extract<AllTypes, Function>;
// () => void

type Primitives = Extract<AllTypes, string | number>;
// string | number

// Event handling
type AllEvents = "click" | "focus" | "blur" | "keydown" | "keyup";

type MouseEvents = Extract<AllEvents, "click">;
type KeyboardEvents = Extract<AllEvents, `key${string}`>;
// "keydown" | "keyup"

// Remove specific status
type Status = "pending" | "approved" | "rejected" | "cancelled";
type ActiveStatus = Exclude<Status, "cancelled">;
// "pending" | "approved" | "rejected"

// Implementation
type Exclude<T, U> = T extends U ? never : T;
type Extract<T, U> = T extends U ? T : never;